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An Ultimate Ungulate Fact Sheet
Cephalophus niger
Black duiker
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Literature Cited

Barnes, R., Greene, K., Holland, J., and Lamm, M. (2002). Management and husbandry of duikers at the Los Angeles Zoo. Zoo Biology 21(2): 107-121.

East, R. [compiler]. 1999. African Antelope Database 1998. IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group, Gland, Switzerland and Cambridge, UK.

Farst, D.D., Thompson, D.P., Stones, G.A., Burchfield, P.M., and Hughes, M.L. (1980). Maintenance and breeding of duikers (Cephalophus spp.) at Gladys Porter Zoo, Brownsville. International Zoo Yearbook 20: 93-99.

Happold, D.C.D. (1973). Large Mammals of West Africa. Longman Group, Ltd., London.

Happold, D.C.D. (1987). The Mammals of Nigeria. Clarendon Press, Oxford.

Hofmann, T. and Roth, H. (2003). Feeding preferences of duiker (Cephalophus maxwelli, C. rufilatus, and C. niger) in Ivory Coast and Ghana. Mammalian Biology 68(2): 65-77.

IEA (Institute of Applied Ecology) 1998. Cephalophus niger. In African Mammals Databank - A Databank for the Conservation and Management of the African Mammals Vol 1 and 2. Bruxelles: European Commission Directorate. Available online at http://gorilla.bio.uniroma1.it/amd/amd054b.html

IUCN SSC Antelope Specialist Group (2008). Cephalophus niger. In: IUCN 2011. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2011.2. Available online at the IUCN Red List website.

Kingdon, J. (1997). The Kingdon Field Guide to African Mammals. Academic Press, London and New York.

Newing, H. (2001). Bushmeat hunting and management: implications on duiker ecology and interspecific competition. Biodiversity and Conservation 10(1): 99-108.

Walther, F.R. (1990). Duikers and Dwarf Antelopes. Pp. 325-243 in: Parker, S.P. [ed]. Grzimek's Encyclopedia of Mammals, Volume 5. McGraw-Hill, New York.

Weigl, R. (2005). Longevity of Mammals in Captivity: from the living collections of the world. E Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandling, Stuttgart.

Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. [eds] (1993). Mammal Species of the World (Second Edition). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Available online at the Mammal Species of the World website.

Wilson, V.J. [compiler] (1987). Action plan for duiker conservation. IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group and Chipangali Wildlife Trust.

Wilson, V.J. (2001). Duikers of Africa: Masters of the African forest floor. Zimbi Books, South Africa.

Additional Resources

*Bowman, V. and Plowman, A.B. (2002). Captive duiker management at the Duiker and Mini-Antelope Breeding and Research Institute (Dambari), Bulawayo, Zimbabwe. Zoo Biology 21(2): 161-170.

Coe, M.J. (1975). Mammalian ecological studies on Mount Nimba, Liberia. Mammalia 39: 523-581.

East, R. [ed] (1990). Antelopes Global Survey and Regional Action Plans. Part 3: West and Central Africa. IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group.

East, R. [ed] (1996). Antelope survey update. IUCN/SSC Antelope Specialist Group: n° 2.

Eves, H. (2000). Duikers: A primary target for Africa's bushmeat trade. Animal Keepers' Forum 27(11): 497-505.

Haltenorth, T. and Diller, H. (1980). The Collins Field Guide to the Mammals of Africa including Madagascar. The Stephen Greene Press, Lexington, MA.

*Hofmann, T., Ellenberg, H., and Roth, H. H. (1999). Bushmeat: A natural resource of the moist forest regions of West Africa. Tropenökologisches Begleitprogramm (TÖB) publication no.:TÖB F-V/7e

Meester, J. and Setzer, H.W. [eds] (1971). The Mammals of Africa: an Identification Manual. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C.

Plowman, A.B. (2002). Nutrient intake and apparent digestibility of diets consumed by captive duikers at the Dambari Field Station, Zimbabwe. Zoo Biology 21(2): 135-147.

Steinhauer, B.B. (1987). Count and distribution of large mammals of Comoe National Park, Ivory Coast: Notes on the size of the troops and their reproductive seasons. Mammalia 51(2): 283-304.

*Thomas, O. (1892). On the antelopes of the genus Cephalophus. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London 1892: 413-430.

*van Vuuren, B.J. and Robinson, T.J. (2001). Retrieval of four adaptive lineages in duiker antelope: Evidence from mitochondrial DNA sequences and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 20(3): 409-425.

*Wilson, V.J. and Wilson, B.L.P. (1990). Notes on the duikers of Sierra Leone. Arnoldia-Zimbabwe 9(33): 451-462.

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