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An Ultimate Ungulate Fact Sheet
Axis calamianensis
Calamian deer
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Quick Facts Detailed Information References

Literature Cited

CITES (Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Flora and Fauna) (2017). Appendix I, II, and III as adopted by the Conference of the Parties, valid from 4 October 2017. Available online at the CITES website.

Grimwood, I. (1976). Hunting a deer to extinction. Oryx 13(3): 294–296.

Groves, C.P., and P. Grubb. (1987). Relationships of living deer. Pp. 21-59 in: Wemmer, C.M. [ed] (1987) Biology and Management of the Cervidae. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D. C.

Lydekker, R. (1915). Catalogue of the Ungulate Mammals in the British Museum of Natural History. Volume IV. The Order of the Trustees of the British Museum, London.

Noll, R. (2013). Calamian Deer: 2013 North American Regional Studbook. Association of Zoos and Aquariums.

Oliver, W.L.R. (1996a). Calamian Deer (Cervus calamianensis) conservation program. IUCN/SSC Deer Specialist Group Newsletter 13: 14-15.

Oliver, W.L.R. (1996b). In search of the Calamian deer. ZOONOOZ 69(4): 10-15.

Oliver, W., Widmann, P., and Lastica, E. (2008). Axis calamianensis. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. Available online at the IUCN Red List website.

Villamor, C. (1985). Study on the feeding habits, general behavior and breeding biology of calamian deer (Axis calamianensis Heude) in captivity. Forest Ecosyst Highlights 1: 1-2.

Villamor, C.I. (1991). Antler development in Calamian deer (Cervus porcinus calamianensis). Sylvatrop 1(1): 53-61.

Whitehead, K.G. (1993). The Whitehead Encyclopedia of Deer. Quiller Publishing, UK.

Widmann, P. & Lastica, E. 2015. Axis calamianensis. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015. Available online at the IUCN Red List website.

Wilson, D.E. and Reeder, D.M. [eds] (1993). Mammal Species of the World (Second Edition). Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press. Available online at the Mammal Species of the World website.

Additional Resources

*Alviola, P.L. III (1998). Land vertebrates of Calauit Island, Palawan, Philippines. Asia Life Sciences 7(2): 157-170.

de Guia, A.P.O. (1999). Distribution of non-volant mammals of nine small islands of the Calamianes Island Group, Northern Palawan, Philippines. Asia Life Sciences 8(2): 121-128.

DSG. 1991. IUCN/SSC Deer Specialist Group Newsletter No. 9.Eduardo, S.L., Neri, I., and Bravo, M.V.A. (1991). Notes on parasites of captive Calamian deer, Cervus (Axis) calamianensis (Artiodactyla: Ruminantia). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 28(2): 61-64.

*Geist, V. (1998). Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, PA.

Grubb, C., and Groves, C.P. (1983). Notes on the taxonomy of the deer (Mammalia: Cervidae) of the Philippines. Zoologischer Anzeiger 210(1-2): 119-144.

Hoogstraal, H. (1951). Philippine Zoological Expedition, 1946-1947. Narrative and itinerary. Fieldiana: Zoology 33: 1-86.

*Maala, C.P. (2001). Endangered Philippine wildlife species with special reference to the Philippine eagle (Pithecophaga jefferyi) and tamaraw (Bubalus mindorensis). Journal of International Development and Cooperation 8: 1-17.

*Maala, C.P., Arca, R.R., Villamor, C., and Bravo, M. (1990). Comparative anatomy of the skull of the Calamian deer (Axis calamianensis). Philippine Journal of Veterinary Medicine 27(2): 53-61.

*Meijaard, E., and Groves, C.P. (2004). Morphometrical relationships between South-east Asian deer (Cervidae, tribe Cervini): evolutionary and biogeographic implications. Journal of Zoology 263: 179-196

*Oliver, W.L.R. (1992). Threatened endemic Artiodactyla of the Philippines: status and future priorities. International Zoo Yearbook 32: 131-144.

Oliver, W.L.R., and Villamor, C.I. (1993). The distribution and status of the Calamian deer, Cervus (= Axis) calamianensis, and the Palawan bearded pig, Sus barbatus ahoenobarbus, in the the Calamian Islands, Palawan Province. Unpublished Report; 39 pp.

*Oliver, W.L.R., and Villamor, C. (1993). Calamian deer field survey and (proposed) conservation program. IUCN/SSC Deer Specialist Group Newsletter 11: 3-4.

Oliver, W.L.R., and Wirth, R. (1996). Conservation programmes for threatened endemic species in the Philippines. International Zoo News 43(5): 337-348.

Orig, A.P., and Rosell, R.G. (1994). Population estimates of exotic and native mammal species of Calauit Island. Wildlife Biology Laboratory, University of the Philippines at Los Banos. Unpublished. 59 pp.

*Sanborn, C.C. (1952). Philippine Zoological Expedition 1946-47. Fieldiana: Zoology 33: 89-158.

Shave, J. (1980). Calamian Deer. Help Newsletter 3: 14-15.

*Timm, R.M., and Birney, E.C. (1980). Mammals Collected by the Menage Scientific Expedition to the Philippine Islands and Borneo, 1890-1893. Journal of Mammalogy 61(3): 566-571.

Villamor, C.I. (1992). Deer captive breeding practices at a glance. Canopy International 17(3): 10-12.

Quick Facts Detailed Information References